Can a well-supported public broadcast system still offer something of Essay

Can an all around bolstered open communicate framework despite everything offer something of significant worth Can content guidelines start to unravel the m - Essay Example Such suspicions blossom with the thought that the advancement of the administration plan shapes some portion of the arrangements of the open communicate frameworks. In any case, case investigations have indicated that open communicate frameworks can at present accomplish a high level of capability in conveying an incentive in the manners in which that maintain polished skill and parity. Certain general edges must be met all together for the open communicate frameworks to accomplish the component of objectivity and trust from the numerous partners. In spite of great arrangements and sufficient subsidizing, open communicate frameworks need to draw in with specific essentials that relate with the foundation of standards and perspectives that adjust with the basic beliefs of media and broadcasting (Crook 54). The need to ensure reality and accomplish objectivity in announcing charges these frameworks to tie their practices under specific commitments that spread the interests everything b eing equal. Unprejudiced announcing requires the reception of a scope of arrangements that viably associate with the essentials of business as comprehended under the system of progress and improvement. Cases proliferate where open communicate frameworks have opposed the strain to accommodate into objects of control by the legislature. Demonstrable skill involves the maintaining of the enthusiasm of the lion's share while as yet safeguarding the privileges of the minority. All around bolstered open communicate frameworks in parts of the world have assumed significant jobs in condemning negative arrangements (Crook 19). These frameworks have shown an ability to keep minds open frameworks notwithstanding the way that they draw quite a bit of their money related help from such frameworks. For example, open communicate frameworks in the United States have been instrumental in giving basic investigations on issues of national significance. Such issues have remembered arrangements for coun try security, approaches received on the worldwide war against fear mongering, government strategies on spending, and different components that include a scope of issues that interface with issues of national significance. In these jobs, the communicate frameworks have blamed the legislature on specific imperfections in its methodology. Such a way to deal with the act of broadcasting reestablishes harmony, objectivity, unprejudiced nature, and polished methodology in the field of training. Open communicate frameworks host furnished discussions for gatherings with changing point of view regardless of affiliations or stakes. Inside the part of demonstrable skill, remembering numerous gatherings for the assurance of procedures frequently lines up with the need to cultivate comprehension and inclusivity no matter how you look at it. Such methodologies are intended to react to the various idea of the general public in manners that speak to the interests of all. Such a methodology offers an incentive in the acts of the open communicate frameworks as in they stay away from the enticement of sectional pacification and intentional deception of issues. So as to stay away from the enticements of predisposition and biased treatment, open communicate frameworks ought to set up the edges of impact and collaboration in manners that secure the standards of demonstrable skill and journalistic gauges as comprehended inside a general degree. Content guideline assumes a significant job in deciding the exhibition of the media in an assortment of regards. Most fundamentally, controlling the substance of media

Data Definition and Examples of Data in Argument

Information Definition and Examples of Data in Argument In the Toulmin model of contention, information is the proof or explicit data that bolsters a case. The Toulmin model was presented by British rationalist Stephen Toulmin in his book The Uses of Argument (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1958). What Toulmin calls information is some of the time alluded to as proof, reasons, or grounds. Models and Observations: Tested to safeguard our case by an examiner who asks, What have you got the opportunity to go on?, we request to the significant realities available to us, which Toulmin calls our information (D). It might end up being important to set up the accuracy of these realities in a starter contention. In any case, their acknowledgment by the challenger, regardless of whether prompt or roundabout, doesn't really end the defense.(David Hitchcock and Bart Verheij, Introduction to Arguing on the Toulmin Model: New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation. Springer, 2006) Three Types of Data In a contentious examination, a differentiation is regularly made between three information types: information of the primary, second and third request. First-request information are the feelings of the beneficiary; second-request information are guarantees by the source, and third-request information are the assessments of others as refered to by the source. First-request information offer the best opportunities for persuading argumentation: the beneficiary is, all things considered, persuaded of the information. Second-request information are risky when the validity of the source is low; all things considered, third-request information must be turn to. (Jan Renkema, Introduction to Discourse Studies. John Benjamins, 2004) The Three Elements in an Argument Toulmin proposed that each contention (on the off chance that it has the right to be called a contention) must comprise of three components: information, warrant, and claim.The guarantee responds to the inquiry What are you attempting to get me to believe?it is the closure conviction. Think about the accompanying unit of evidence: Uninsured Americans are abandoning required clinical consideration since they can't manage the cost of it. Since access to medicinal services is a fundamental human right, the United States ought to build up an arrangement of national medical coverage. The case in this contention is that the United States ought to build up an arrangement of national wellbeing insurance.Data (likewise now and then called proof) responds to the question What have we got the chance to go on?it is the starting conviction. In the previous case of a unit of verification, the information is the explanation that uninsured Americans are abandoning required clinical consideration sin ce they can't bear the cost of it. With regards to a discussion cycle, a debater would be relied upon to offer insights or a definitive citation to build up the reliability of this information. Warrant responds to the inquiry How does the information lead to the claim?it is the connector between the starting conviction and the completion conviction. In the unit of confirmation about social insurance, the warrant is the explanation that entrance to medicinal services is an essential human right. A debater would be relied upon to offer some help for this warrant. (R. E. Edwards, Competitive Debate: The Official Guide. Penguin, 2008) Information would be considered premises under the standard analysis. (J. B. Freeman, Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments. Walter de Gruyter, 1991) Elocution: DAY-tuh or DAH-tuh Otherwise called: grounds

Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle through Food

Advancing a Healthy Lifestyle through Food The Scope As a major aspect of the Occupational Health and Safety program at my work environment (an open assistance little medium undertaking), I have examined and gone to a concurrence with the administration to convey a workshop on the significance of eating well so as to forestall heftiness and cardiovascular ailments. Places for Disease Control and Prevention, (2013) outline that working environment wellbeing programs are of incredible potential advantage to the two managers and representatives. Such instructive and mindfulness projects or systems empower both laborer and the association to accomplish an all encompassing way of life for better solid living. These wellbeing projects might spare expenses on non-attendance among representatives. They may likewise decrease the expense of extra time to supplant missing workers, too the expenses to prepare substitutions. The extension behind this program is to give workers direction on the best way to pick neighborhood new produce, instead of the imported or safeguarded food. This activity will likewise raise the mindfulness about which food to pick and the significance to peruse the wholesome realities name. It is deductively demonstrated that new items are more valuable to our wellbeing than the imported or saved ones, both in taste and in nutrient substance, since they show up at our shops not long after being gathered and subsequently fresher. Yates (2009) bolsters this hypothesis by citing that logically, meat, leafy foods are progressively nutritious when eaten as new as could reasonably be expected. Malta has a high pace of stoutness as indicated by overviews done by the European Commission. Eurostat (2011) reports that Maltese men possess the top situation of the European corpulence rankings while Maltese ladies set themselves second. In their ‘Paediatric Obesity’ diary, Fox and Jago (2011) who are both built up analysts in pediatric investigations, guarantee that Maltese youngsters are the second fattest on the globe. Game plan The introduction is pointed principally for the two workers who cook at home and the individuals who purchase their snacks from candy machines or remove nibble shops making them mindful of how to pick solid alternatives, for example, picking heated not seared food, earthy colored bread rather than white bread, new rather than prepared or safeguarded food items. The worker age section shifts from 18 to 50+ years old. The workshop would be arranged with the HR division and it will be held in the preparation room of the organization. Representatives will be told by methods for a letter appropriated inside for in any event fourteen days prior. The workshop would occur during working hours, one toward the beginning of the day and one toward the evening so as to give the open door for everybody to go to at their favored time. The workshop will be conveyed by a certified individual in the issue and showed with outlines and pictures went with some persuasive statements. To help this procedur e, the candy machines will be provided with more certified sound decisions instead of the typical low quality nourishment according to concurrence with the provider. Another activity is that the organization will gracefully an assistance of observation conspire by propelling free discretionary clinical registration at regular intervals supported by the organization. Data and realities about eating Long periods of research contemplates were done to come out with the outcome on what is adding to the advancement of cardiovascular sicknesses. The WHO (2013) announced that a way of life dependent on high immersed fats, dairy items wealthy in fats and handled meat is the primary driver for corpulence and malignant growth detailed. There is no uncertainty that all the food that we expend can importantly affect our wellbeing and prosperity. Settle and Nesheim (2012) reports that the day by day normal calories devoured by men must be not increasingly 2,500 calories while ladies must expend 2,000 calories upheld with some physical exercise. To shed pounds, one should either devour less calories than required or consume physical action. The blend of both is the perfect method to get fat misfortune while keeping up a solid way of life. Any individual who eats a greater number of calories than he/she consumes will gain weight as the additional calories are put away as fat by the body. In this manner, with the correct eating regimen and by controlling dietary patterns and with an everyday practice of physical movement, any individual can get thinner. The advantages of eating steadily are; having more vitality, fearlessness, a more advantageous heart, respiratory and circulatory framework (Hunter, 2003). These days, th e best strategy to of deciding the perfect body weight is by estimation known as Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI can be determined by partitioning the body weight in kilograms by the square of body tallness in meters (Kg/(m)2) and the perfect BMI perusing ought to be 20 to 22. In the event that it is more than 30 there would be the requirement for an adjustment in way of life and to eat well and exercise all the more regularly. In a perfect world, this should be a way life and not a transient handy solution. During the introduction data and guide tips will be given to the workers on the best way to pick the correct food and drink astutely. This introduction will likewise clarify how the body functions and that it is so essential to eat the correct food and take littler parts routinely. Starches are the fundamental vitality hotspot for the human body. Sugars are found in a wide exhibit of nourishments, for example, wheat, potatoes and pasta. Food wealthy in sugars is perfect to be taken toward the beginning of the day since starches are what offer vitality to the body. Some mainstream eats less task starches as the source that produces muscle versus fat and heftiness develop. In any case, in all actuality we do require starches in our eating regimen, however not surpassing the necessary sum and not those containing unfortunate fats. For example, wholegrain starches are the best decision since they contain nutrients, minerals, and phytonutrients that are basic for acceptable wellbeing. Abs ence of sugars will cause you to feel feeble and without drive, so one ought not cut them totally however picking solid alternatives. â€Å"Protein is found all through the body, in muscle, bone, skin, hair, and for all intents and purposes each other body part or tissue† (Harvard School of Public Health, 2014). Protein develops, keeps up, and replaces the muscle tissues in our body. The human body is comprised of in any event 10,000 proteins. Nonetheless, the body working framework doesn't store amino acids. Then again, it stores sugars and fat. Hence an every day admission of amino acids is expected to assemble new protein. Best protein sources with law soaked fat is found in lean meat, chicken or turkey bosom, liver, fish, eggs, dairy items, for example, curds, nuts (almonds and hazelnuts), seeds, beans and lentils. It is exceptionally imperative to pick the correct protein in your food decisions since some protein is wealthy in soaked fats. Beans, vegetables, and entire grains, are the best decision, as they are plentiful in sound fiber, nutrients, and minerals. Almonds and hazelnuts are wealthy in solid fats. Fish, chicken bosom and hamburger liver are considered as the best creature protein and on the off chance that you go for red meat attempt to pick the least fatty slices and attempt to maintain a strategic distance from pork, sheep and handled meat, for example, burgers, frankfurters, breaded fish/poultry since the last contain high measure of fats. In the event that somebody chooses to feast out, as starter one could maintain a strategic distance from high sugars nourishments, for example, pasta and rather have an appetizer including salmon, which is plentiful in protein and nutrient D and Omega 3. Aside from the calories and sugars pasta contains, the sauces that go with it are for the most part fat loaded and in this manner as a starter it would as of now be too filling. One can likewise settle on chicken plate of mixed greens, soup or skirt the starter inside and out. As a dressing, one can go for crushed lemon, olive oil or balsamic vinegar rather than mayonnaise. As primary course, one could settle on fish steak, lean filet, or chicken bosom and keep away from prepared or seared food. Rather than fries one can pick heated potatoes and attempt to chop down the bread consumption. As a sweet, rather than enjoying an unhealthy cake wealthy in sugars and fats one can select to organic product plate of mixed greens which in any event contains characteristic fructose and nutrients. Thusly, one can be getting a charge out of food which is as yet scrumptious however is more beneficial. As a beverage, it will be in a perfect world that one will pick to drink water or a glass of dry wine as opposed to soda pops which contain a lot of calories and sugars. Sugar-improved soda pops are non-useful to the human body. It is comprehended that these refreshments are adding to diabetes and coronary illness. Harvard School of Public Health (2014), contend that by chopping down sugar-improved refreshment admission will decrease the danger of stoutness related sicknesses and that such explanation is upheld up with adequate logical proof. A depiction of the presentation’s content: Avoiding ailment through the food we eat Before the finish of 1945, the Life Expectancy (LE) of EU residents began to increment. There were upgrades in the clean framework, increasingly epidemiological information and greater quality enhancements in clinical fix. Besides, insights gauge gave by the Malta Statistics Office uncover that the LE of an individual conceived in Malta in 2013 is 82.2 for females and 78.0 for men (NSO, 2013). The World Health Organization (WHO) has since a long time ago been advancing smart dieting designs. As much as people need clean air and access to water, food is a fundamental need for human wellbeing however it must be solid. Our wellbeing is especially influenced by horticulture and different divisions engaged with food gracefully. In this way, to advance a solid method of living there must be progressing exposure to train the open the advantage of eating well food (Danzon, 2000). By and by, in spite of the fact that future in Malta has expanded, insights despite everything show that the norm al Maltese individual goes through 7.1 years (9% of LE) with ailment, because of absence of satisfactory information about wellbeing (WHO, 2005). Tracker (2003) contended that by being fat, one I

Lab Report Surfactant Essay Example

Lab Report Surfactant Paper Surfactant is created to make it simpler for individuals to breath by lessening the surface pressure of the water atoms that principally make the dividers out of the alveoli; it causes them to not tick together. For this trial, we will utilize milk and food shading to speak to the water (milk) and gas (food shading) in the respiratory framework. Since realize milk is non-polar and food shading is polar, my speculation predicts the two won't blend intentionally from the outset, yet the cleanser going about as a surfactant, when included, will enable the two fluids to combine. Materials (Part on: water surface strain) 1-A penny 2-A dropper 3-Water 4-Paper towels (Part two: surfactant) 1-Milk 2-2 diverse shading food shading 3-Dishwashing cleanser 4-Cotton swab 5-A shopping center clear dish 6-Timer Paper towel 8-Water Method (Part one: water surface pressure) 1-Place the penny in a level zone 2-Fill a dropper with water 3-One by one add the drops of water to the highest point of the penny 4-Measure what number of drops fit until the drops break the surface strain of the water. Record results the outcomes table 6-Placed the dish in a level consistent surface. 7-Then poured the milk ensuring the entire base of the dish is secured. 8-Add four drops of food shading to the focal point of the dish. 9-Let it rest for two minutes and afterward measure how far the shading extended. 10-Record in the celebrate diagram 11-Dip the q-tip in cleanser 12-Place the finish of the q-tip in the dish containing the milk and the food shading. 13-Observe what befalls the food sh ading and record the outcome in the outcomes diagram. 4-Throw away the fluids and leave station clean in the wake of recording results. Results The normal drops of water that a penny can hold without spilling the water is 24 drops. In my investigation the outcomes were the accompanying: Trial Number of drops Try one 25 Try two 22 Try three 26 When the shading was put in the milk toward the start, it didnt extend fashioned the milk as fast as when the cleanser was included. Without the cleanser Expanded 5 ml/min from the inside. With the cleanser Expanded at CM/sec from the middle. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lab Report Surfactant explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Lab Report Surfactant explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Lab Report Surfactant explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer End My speculation is acknowledged. After I applied the drop of cleanser to the milk, the food shading spread around. Why? From the outset, the food shading just sat on the outside of the milk. That is on the grounds that food shading is less thick than milk, so it glides on a superficial level. The milk didnt blend in with the food shading at the outset since it wasnt mixed together. The cleanser decreases the surface pressure of the kind by dissolving the fat atoms, which is the reason entire milk works better. The outside of the milk outside the cleanser drop has a higher surface pressure, so it pulls the surface away from that spot. The food shading moves with the surface, gushing endlessly from the cleanser drop. Because of the convection that outcomes from the moving surface, the food shading might be drawn down into the fluid, just to seem rising again elsewhere. At the point when the cleanser at last gets equitably blended into the milk, the activity stops.

Exploitation as Presented in Blood River - Literature Essay Samples

Throughout Blood River, the Congo is presented as a place of immense wild natural beauty, but to a point that it is intimidating, and dangerous. Butcher describes it as a place that corrupts men, and a place in which there is always a battle between mankind, and nature. This is evident in one especially potent extract, on pages 110-111, as it describes to the reader a a boy (which highlights the cruelty of the Congo as he is working from a young age in order to survive) battling through muddy conditions, just to find some worms. The fact that so much effort is used, in order to benefit his life, in such a minor way, shows exploitation as it is clear that the imperialistic invaders have taken many luxuries away from the natives, and kept them for their own benefit, which demonstrates the greedy nature of them, and how they do not care for the suffering they cause to the natives. The struggle due to nature is made more obvious in this extract when it states ten kilometres an hour which is very slow movement due to the treacherous conditions, and devastation which may of been caused by the foreign powers who are known to have blown parts of the Congo up for fun, highlighting exploitation clearly. This extract highlights that the natives dislike any intruders, even if they are harmless like Butcher. This is clear through the accusatory tone used by a native towards butcher You white men. The use of this second person pronoun distances the speaker from the narrator making it clear the speaker wants no association with him, and suggests dislike already despite not knowing him. Interrogatives such as how do I know you have not come here to profit? further highlights the lack of trust, and the use of short sentences Stanley was the first. Then came the Belgians. further demonstrates the accusatory tone that is used towards newcomers, and again lack of trust. The repetition of profit also by the natives suggests exploitation as it is evident the only reason countries come to the Congo is to exploit its raw materials, and the fact its repeated suggests the natives are bitter about it, and the fact that they were treated badly, as well as being stolen from, which definitely conveys t he exploitation of the natives. Danger in the Congo and its history, is evident throughout this extract with it being shown in many forms. The fact that land mines are present in the Congo acts as a representation of the hidden danger in the Congo, and also a memory of previous exploitation as devices of destruction are left from their previous devastation of the country. The fact that Butcher states we followed our footsteps back suggests an overgrown land which has not been cared for, and also suggests that there is limited safety (e.g., one safe route) which can act as a metaphor for the lack of safety that the natives have from exploitation, which is made clear throughout the extract, that it has been continuous for many years with Congolese places even being named after exploiters, Arabs Crossing. This shows the control the exploiters have over the natives, and that they believe they can come to Congo, and change the natives lives in order to suit themselves with no thought for the natives, showing that their imperialistic nature has no bounds. Arabs crossing is described as being the place in which slavers arrived. The word slavers has connotations of tired souls, and enslavement which shows how the natives were being exploited in order to produce goods for the foreign powers, and the fact that it is well known for this, suggests it went on for a long time. Foreign powers is plural making it evident that not only 1 country knew of the Congos wealth of natural resources, and that actually many countries came and instead of fairly taking it, decide to use the natives to help them take it, further demonstrating exploitation. The words used throughout have significant truth behind them such as genocide and worked to death. Worked to Death suggests hours of tiresome labour, probably for little or no pay, highlighting the exploitation that occurs throughout the Congo. The fact that this is true and occurred in the country, help us to understand the natives hostility towards newcomers, due to what previous newcomers did to their country, and are still currently doing. The use of the word insatiable suggests that there is, and never will be an end to the ongoing exploitation in the Congo, and the use of the verb toyed gives childlike imagery that the Congo is almost a playground for the foreign powers to take from at their own will, and helps to convey how unimportant the natives are. Stripping further supports this point as it has connotations of dismantling the Congo, and taking everything, leaving a devastating effect for the natives to deal with alone, which suggests that once the foreign powers had devas tated, and taken everything that would benefit them, they didnt care for what they left behind. The extract then states the natives were seen as subhuman which gives evidence to the point that countries see the natives as something to be exploited, due to the powers seeing themselves as greater than them, and therefore they believe they can exploit the land, and not allow the subhumans to gain any of the rewards from their own land, due to their insignificance to them, which is an act of ultimate exploitation.

How to Write a Persuasive Speech

Persuasive category of speeches includes motivational speeches that help audience to convince positively to be in an action spree. The effect of these stimulating speeches are quick initiation of call to action and this is one of the reasons persuasive type of speeches has to be extremely skillful, well organized and optimally effective in its effect. Conventionally, persuasive communication is best created by blending 3 prime elements: One of them is ETHOS (reliability), next is LOGOS (common sense), and lastly PATHOS (sentiment). By blending these three elements knowledgeably, a speech writer like you can improve the skill of scripting persuasive style of speech. What is persuasive speech? Persuasive style of speaking is the motivational type of communication that keeps the listening audience enticed and engaged. Persuasive type of speech may engage a wide range of topics off different genres: for example, from politics to movie as well as about relationship issue or culinary culture of a country can be the topic of your persuasive speech. Persuasive speaking is integrated to the audience, therefore while writing a write needs to identify his target audience. Consequently, persuasive speaking calls for added focus to audience analysis, a writer needs to identify the soft nose of the audience so that speech can motivate them at the best. In order to learn how to start a persuasive speech drafting, a writer has to keep a few points in mind to make the speech more effective and efficient and stimulating: ââ€"  Persuasion in communication may come in different forms: writers may need to write sales pitch, legal proceeding, product presentation, addressing a social issue, etc. ââ€"  This mode of speech involves three modes of influence: ETHOS, PATHOS and LOGOS. ââ€"  It is vital to recognize the target audience so that the communication can be drafted accordingly. Or instance, the speech meant for school girls will not be effective for working girls. Drafting persuasive verbal communication can be challenging to an extent because you need to incorporate some specific elements in it so that it serves the purpose at par. Starting from the beginning of persuasive speech till the end, these motivational speeches are successful amalgamation of few essential factors. Therefore it is important to learn the hooks of drafting a real-life persuasive communication to impress and motivate the target audience. A persuasive speech is a communication planned to encourage the audience to do something. Whether you are planning to convince people to join a campaign, join a course, or alter their motivation about a significant social issue, persuasive speeches are an effectual way to influence an audience. There are multiple elements that a writer needs to input for writing a well read and sensed persuasive speech and with some homework and practice, the art of writing a persuasive speech can be mastered. How to start a persuasive speech It is indeed not a straight job to draft a persuasive speech at one go because motivation oriented writing job demands some essential ground work to do. More these ground work will be performed, the output will be better. The basic needs are: ââ€"  Identify the purpose when you have already identified the audience, ââ€"  Draft the dialogue in lucid language, which is easy to comprehend! After all, as writer your goal is to communicate properly with your words, ââ€"  Do the homework about the subject and find out the positive points so that you can include these stimulating facts in your communication: positive thought generates better result in convincing people. ââ€"  Try to collect statistics for the support of your speech: statistics makes thing more convincing and stimulating for acceptance. How to start the introduction for the draft of a persuasive speech If you are asked a simple question that â€Å"how do you start persuasive speech?† the first thing will come into your mind is the introduction part of the speech. This is one of the most vital parts of communication, and regardless you are writer or an orator, the starting of the speech hits the bull’s eyes. There are three factors that help in making a fabulous persuasive type of speech: ââ€"  Interesting start to grab the attention of the audience, ââ€"  Establishing a link with audience in order to convince them with the notion of preset goal. ââ€"  You need to understand the goal behind the speech so that the motive of persuasion gets completely accomplished. ââ€"  Once you have sketched the communication and its range, make a fresh draft of using the entire presentation. It will help you to brush the draft with better, aggressive, to-the-point approach so that the language excels in its category. These are the basic tips following which you will be able to start and finish a persuasive speech drafting project. Drafting a convincing styled speech is quite a challenging task but with best practice and comprehensive approach toward the task, you can make it really happen with best output.

Johns Character Development A Brave New World - 1394 Words

In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John’s identities are influenced by two opposite societies, and even though he tries to prove his manhood and change the framework of brave new world, he can’t gain real acceptance from anywhere. John’s mother, Linda, is from the brave new world but gave birth to him in the savage reservation and her different behaviors based on the framework of the brave new world caused John’s isolation in the savage reservation. John decides to move to the brave new world and becomes popular in this society, but his identity, influenced by his â€Å"savage† culture, can’t be accepted by the community. His conflict with the brave new world finally forces him to try to change the framework of the society, but his attempt is†¦show more content†¦John also can’t accept Lenina’s view of love, and gets mad with her behaviors. Finally, their love evolves into violence and pain. Even though John is popula r, his integrity, strength and abilities can’t be proven to both himself and to others. He is good at reading, and enjoys reading Shakespeare. This feature helps him think and research more than others. As a product of both worlds, he stands out in the brave new world, and has his unique ideas and independent thoughts about this world. John tries to change the framework of this brave new world based upon his values, but all his attempts opposing stability can’t be accepted and finally lead him to his death. Linda’s death marks a transition point of John’s life. Through this trauma, John experiences these citizens’ indifference. He can’t understand their callousness toward a real human’s death. Linda was his real mother, and he loved her very much. This kind of close relationship did not exist in the brave new world. Therefore, John can’t adopt citizens’ attitudes, and the citizens view him as a person who will destroy the status quo. This event affects John’s feelings and forces him to take a stand against the brave new world. Preventing soma distribution is his chance to confront this â€Å"enemy†. He thinks, â€Å"Linda had been a slave, Linda had died; others should live in freedom, and the world be made beautiful† (210). This reflectio n makes him consider a rebellion –Show MoreRelatedCharacter Development in Brave New World1086 Words   |  5 Pages In the novel, Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, the author uses character development to contrast the two different societies present in the novel.He shows the importance of morality, or an increase in wisdom in the character of humankind. The author contrasts a society full of static and flat characters and another society full of round characters. In order to show the importance of life experiences in changing the character of individuals in the society. Bernard Marx an AlphaRead MoreIrony in Brave New World1022 Words   |  5 Pagesdramatic irony (while reading, you know there is a monster in the closet, but the character does not). Many examples of irony are given in the novel Brave New World, a novel set in the future where humans are biologically engineered and conditioned for their role in society. The novel exemplifies irony because even though they have norms and regulations set, most people tend to not follow them, including the world leaders. In the first couple of chapters, Lenina, a young woman, is introduced. WhenRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Garden City2238 Words   |  9 Pages Novel and Play Review Notes 2. Huxley, Aldous. Garden City: Doubleday Doran, 1932. Print. Aldous Huxley: 1894-1963(Born in the Industrial Revolution) 3. Explaining his reasoning behind hindering a fetus s development to intellectually fit it’s job, Mustapha Mond pronounces â€Å"Only an Epsilon can be expected to make Epsilon sacrifices, for the good reason that for him they aren t sacrifices; they re the line of least resistance†(Huxley 266-67). Bernard, John, and Helmholtz are receiving thisRead MoreReview Of Brave New World 1779 Words   |  8 PagesMustafa Niazi Mr. Hadley English 2H August 19, 2015 Novel Play Review Notes: Brave New World Key Quotation â€Å"Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all.† (149) The idea of complete access in Brave New World actually elucidates the confinement in which the citizens of the modern world are living in. Everyone must subject to one another’s desires and motives, seemingly being treated like property. Consequently, the fact that all the members of this society play both the roleRead MoreA Utopia Gone Astray By Aldous Huxley1155 Words   |  5 PagesIn the technological age the World is in today, it is not hard to imagine a life built on the idea of total perfection. As more innovations come about and humanity continues to technologically progress toward a â€Å"perfect world† mankind is actually closing the gap between emotion and dystopia. A utopia gone astray is displayed in Aldous Huxley s novel Brave New World. The technological advances used to pursuit a flawless society ultimately cause the deterioration of human relationships. A utopianRead MoreA Brave New World By Bernard Marx1682 Words   |  7 Pages A Brave New World contains numerous well-developed and complex characters, yet the most compelling one, by far, is Bernard Marx. While not likable, per say, Bernard’s characterization and development are very thought-provoking and intricate. From his introduction to the novel, Bernard stands out in the midst of the monotonous World State. Much like his namesake, Karl Marx, Bernard too finds himself at conflict with society, though the nature of his conflict shifts as the novel progresses. DuringRead MoreAct V Excerpt From The Play A Streetcar Named Desire 1404 Words   |  6 PagesRelling and Gregers Werle, over whether or not preserving this blissful ignorance can sometimes be the best course of action if the knowledge of the truth is too difficult to face. Blanche, in A Streetcar Named Desire, is heavily relatable to the characters in The Wild Duck because of her fearful approach to the truth and decision to live in a state of blissful ignorance, which is why the excerpts are paired next to each other. Blanche tells to Mitch that she lies because she cannot accept many truthsRead MoreA Natural New World By Aldous Huxley983 Words   |  4 PagesAnnie Madden Mrs. Maya ERWC 18 December 2014 A Natural New World In Aldous Huxley’s, Brave New World, the main goal of the utopian society is to achieve a state of stability that allows the civilians to live â€Å"happily ever after.† Each person is conditioned into a certain class where they accept their assigned job. In the World State there is no such thing as family or any other relationships. The drug soma ensures that the only emotion the civilians feel is happiness. However, along with socialRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 1663 Words   |  7 PagesLyca Gonzales Period: 1 Title: Brave New World Author: Aldous Huxley Setting: (Where) London, England, and (When) 2540 A.D New Mexico, U.S Protagonist(s): John and Bernard Antagonist(s): The World State Describe the relationship between the Protagonist and Antagonist. John and Bernard Marx feel as if they are alienated from their society, for they are different. They both think that there is more to love than intimacy and drugs. As for the World State, they think that expressingRead MoreDangers of a Totalitarian Society Exposed in Brave New World2679 Words   |  11 PagesOn a one-dimensional level, Brave New World is the portrait of a perfect society. The citizens of this Utopia live in a society that is free of depression and most of the social-economic problems that trouble the world today. All aspects of life are controlled for the people of this society; population numbers, social class and intellectual ability. History is controlled and rewritten to suit the needs of the state. All of this is done in the name of social stability. When one looks beneath the surface

A History of the Gothic Period of Art and Architecture Essay

Gothic Art is concerned with the painting, sculpture, architecture, and music characteristic of the second of two great international eras that flourished in western and central Europe during the Middle Ages. Architecture was the most important and original art form during the Gothic period. The principal structural characteristics of Gothic architecture arose out of medieval masons efforts to solve the problems associated with supporting heavy masonry ceiling vaults over wide spans. The problem was that the heavy stonework of the traditional arched barrel vault and the groin vault exerted a tremendous downward and outward pressure that tended to push the walls upon which the vault rested outward, thus collapsing them. A buildings†¦show more content†¦In the 12th century larger windows produced novel lighting effects, not lighter churches. The stained glass of the period was heavily colored and remained so well into the 13th century. One of the earliest buildings in which these techniques were introduced in a highly sophisticated architectural plan was the abbey of Saint-Denis , Paris . The East End was rebuilt about 1135-44, and, although the upper parts of the choir and apse were later changed, the ambulatory and chapels belong to this phase. The proportions are not large, but the skill and precision have given the abbey its traditional claim to the title first Gothic building. One of the most influential buildings was Chartres cathedral (present church mainly built after 1194). There, the architect abandoned entirely the use of the tribune gallery, but, instead of increasing the size of the arcade, he managed, by a highly individual type of flying buttress, to increase the size of the clerestory, or the upper part of the wall with windows for lighting the central space. This idea was followed in a number of important buildings, such as the 13th-century Reims and Amiens cathedrals. The conception that the conte nt of a great church should be dominated by large areas of glazing set in the upper parts was influential in the 13th century. The decorative features of these great churches were, on the whole, simple. In the second half of the 12th century it became fashionable to bind the interiorShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Eastern And Western European Architectural Styles1223 Words   |  5 PagesGothic architecture is often characterized just by the visual aspects that define it; however, there is much deeper influence in the structure and form of the style. The term is sometimes used to define a time period, but some critics believe there is no true definition of the term gothic. The style has evolved from many different things throughout history, and its influence is still evident throughout buildings in Europe. Gothic architecture and different styles of architecture can commonly beRead MoreEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 PagesIn the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feeli ngs toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle Ages can be dividedRead More Medieval Art Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesMedieval Art In the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle AgesRead MoreSymbolism in the Gothic Art Movement Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gothic Art movement was not just a style of art but an extremely influential period containing its own complex history. The term is used to describe buildings and objects whose forms are based upon a range of characteristics from the middle of the 12th to the end of the 15th century. Gothic style was a development of the Romanesque yet it was Renaissance humanists who first used it as a disparaging term to describe what they sa w as the barbaric architecture. With Gothic art being viewed throughRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Discuss the art, architecture, music, or literature from the Gothic age through the Renaissance. Talk about the development of art, architecture, music, or literature during this period, the significant issues, technologies, or styles, and some of the cultural or social influences. Finally, list at least six individuals and their work that provides examples from your discussion.† Comprehensive Essay The transition of art (incorporating the art spanning from paintings and architecture) from the GothicRead MoreMost Memorable Works Of Architecture971 Words   |  4 PagesThere have been many memorable works of architecture in ancient history. So many, in fact, that it can sometimes be pretty overwhelming. It is always interesting to think about how much these individuals of the ancient world built given how behind they were compared to our lives today. In the big scheme of things, they were actually probably better off than we are today. One of the most admired and intricate works of architecture from the medieval French era is known as the Chartres Cathedral (AKARead MoreArchitecture Is The Thoughtful Making Of Space1268 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Architecture is the thoughtful making of space† said Louis Kahin. This is because architecture is the act of taking space and transforming it into a grand masterpiece using creativity, imagination and skills. Since the beginni ng of time, architecture has been known to be one of the most captivating features of man’s work. A combination of inventiveness, hard work and talent is necessary to wind up with an architectural design that will leave an imprint within onlookers. Architecture is a means toRead MoreThe Transition Of Art, Music, And Literature From The Gothic Age Through The Renaissance1261 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Discuss the art, architecture, music, or literature from the Gothic age through the Renaissance. Talk about the development of art, architecture, music, or literature during this period, the significant issues, technologies, or styles, and some of the cultural or social influences. Finally, list at least six individuals and their work that provides examples from your discussion.† Comprehensive Essay The transition of art (incorporating the art spanning from paintings and architecture) from the GothicRead MoreThe Beginning Of Gothic Art943 Words   |  4 PagesThe beginning of Gothic art started around the year 1140. At this time Gothic art was not a particular art form that was practiced in Europe. The Ile-de-France which means, Paris and vicinity, was the only place that art and architecture shoes Gothic characteristics. However, once people from other places started to notice the beauty that this particular art form presented, it quickly spread around the rest of Europe. The art and architecture that is attributed with the Gothic style is actuallyRead More Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRomanesque and Gothic Architecture The 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and Gothic periods, a great cathedral construction boom occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the Romanesque

The Dobe Ju/Hoansi Essay - 1233 Words

Cultural Anthropology The Dobe Ju/’hoansi Commonly referred to as Bushmen by the general public and thought of as being harsh wild people that live in the â€Å"unlivable† Kalahari Desert. The Ju /’hoansi tribe native to the southern African desert, located along the border of Namibia and Botswana, have been misunderstood and stereotyped for a long time. This is until a man by the name of Richard B. Lee came along and wrote an ethnography about the local systems of the Ju and completely changed how an outsider might view this rural tribe, along with being a fine example of proper long-term field research in social anthropology. This highly regarded book on the Ju /’hoansi is titled â€Å"The Dobe Ju /’hoansi.† Although Lee states in the†¦show more content†¦A large contributing factor has to be the desire and efforts put forth by Lee to not only see the Ju lifestyle, but to feel it. The desire and effort by Lee is conveyed in a quote about him getting initiated into a familyâ€⠄¢s kin by saying, â€Å"I signified my pleasure with the turn of events. Here was a whole family to be a part of, one with genealogical links to throughout the Dobe area.† (Lee 2003: 60) Lee started to become a member of the Ju /’hoansi as a tool to learn more about the culture they live in. After Lee was given a name, /Tontah, by the adoptive family it led him to believe that, â€Å"It was clear I had a lot to learn about the kinship system and social organization.†(Lee 2003: 60) Lee’s subjects are portrayed as having individual personalities rather than grouping the whole tribe based on a few personalities. This sums up how Lee approached his work and how with the emic perspective he was able to uncover much more than from an observational standpoint. Regardless on Lee’s expressed neutrality in The Great Kalahari Debate his book has been prompted to the front lines of the clash between traditionalists and revisionists. Being used as the poster book for the traditionalist side Lee obviously demonstrates the holistic approach by stating that no one â€Å"had bothered to systematically ask the Ju people themselves for their views of their own history.†(Lee 2003: 213) This attitude combined with the extensive amount of time spent doing fieldworkShow MoreRelated The Dobe Ju/ hoansi Essay742 Words   |  3 Pages The Dobe Ju/ hoansi nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ch 10: The Ju/ hoansi amp; their neighbors onbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Ju/hoansi share the Dobe area with the Herero and Tswana pastorals. onbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;They grow crops and have herds yet are all based on kinship and are dont have developed markets or governments. onbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hereros are the largest groups of in the Dobe area. They are Bantu speaking people. onbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Were influencedRead MoreThe Dobe Ju/’Hoansi Is An Ethnography Written By Richard975 Words   |  4 Pages The Dobe Ju/’hoansi is an ethnography written by Richard B. Lee. In this ethnography, Richard B. Lee reports on a group of peoples living in South Africa. The ethnography covers everything from their foraging plans, how and what they hunt, how the animals they hunted are divided among the people, kinship and organization in the group, marriage and sexuality, conflict and politics, the exchange of goods, and religion. This paper is just going to touch on a few of these different topics. The DobeRead MoreThe Ju/’Hoansi of the Kalahari1675 Words   |  7 Pagesoccupy their ancestral land; the Ju/’hoansi. Due to war, displacement and the introduction of drugs and alcohol, their societies have continued a downward spiral into poverty and despair. Attempts have been made for the San people to become self sufficient in the modern world. These programs have been tried, including the Nyae Nyae Farmers’ Collective, and they have failed. This paper will examine the current issues of the San people, highlighting the Ju/’hoansi tribe, and their current struggleRead More Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dobe Ju/’hoansi have recently started putting in schools to help children receive an education to help them have better success with the surrounding peoples and culture, but there is a lack of attendance in these schools. There are also many education issues in proper sexual practices that would help stop the spread of HIV and AIDS, in a place in the world were theses illnesses are at surprisingly high levels. The first part of this paper will discuss the education problems in the Dobe Ju/’hoansiRead MoreThe Dobe Ju And The Maasai Tribe From The Kalahari Desert Essay2788 Words   |  12 PagesEvery culture has their own set of traditions, beliefs and traditions. For this report, there will be a discussion about the Dobe Ju/’hoansi located in the Kalahari Desert. Then there will be a comparison between the Ju/’hoansi and the Maasai tribe from the southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. There will be an exploration regarding their cultural domains, belief systems, politics and kingship. Each of these tribes have a developed sort of principles from which they live their daily lives withinRead MoreCompare and Contrast Dobe/JuHoansi1863 Words   |  8 PagesThe book, The Dobe Ju/hoansi is a great example of an ethnography. It is a very detailed description of every aspect of the San peoples life. From the environment they inhabit to the food they eat, the book goes into great detail on how these people survive. More importantly, the book describes their personal relationships with each other and other band level societies, marriage and sexuality topics, and how they solve disputes. Personally, I feel the attention directed towards their interpersonalRead More Egalitarianism and the Cash Economy among the Central Kalahari San891 Words   |  4 PagesRichard B. Lee entitled The Dobe Ju/’hoansi describes the changes which have occurred within the !Kung San people. He also found changes in the lives of the Dobe as their lives were becoming more sedentary, their economy more cash based, and Lee recognizes an overall modernization of the culture. Similar to the San in the Central Kalahari, these influences came from outside sources, and as Lee claims, the Dobe had very little control over them. Lee’s observations of Dobe life in the 1990s, showed thatRead Morecomparative ethonographic review Essay2961 Words   |  12 Pagesmarriage is o ne necessary representation of the society’s culture. Marriage regulates, organizes and legitimizes sexual relations. Human societies have many different marriage systems, and in my review of â€Å"Everyday Life in Southeast Asia† and â€Å"The Dobe Ju/’hoansi†, it seems that this recurring theme of marriage is always constrained by the cultures, or rules, that were built upon it. While we see illustrations of elaborate structures within culture that determine if a union between two human beings throughRead MoreThe Human Mark On The Environment2347 Words   |  10 Pagesobserves that among Ju/ hoansi (!Kung), a contemporary foraging people of the Kalahari Desert, bush foods are rough and difficult to digest:   To survive on such foods a child would have to be older than two years--preferably substantially older. (1981, 66).   (See EthnoProfile 19.1: Ju/ hoansi [!Kung]).   By having her child nurse exclusively for six months, a mother does not have to find and prepare food for the infant in addition to her ordinary routine. Among the Ju/ hoansi, infants over theRead More Alcohol Drug Abuse: A Psychobiological Trait In Human Societies2550 Words   |  11 Pages(Bushmen), who include the !Kung, or Ju/hoansi as they call themselves. Before the Ju/hoansi were contacted and studied by scientists in the 1950s for the first time in history, the group did not use habitSHY;forming drugs or alcohol. However, they did possess n/um, a substance that lies in the pit of the stomach of men and women who are n/um kkausi (medicine owners), and becomes active during a healing dance (Lee, 1993, p. 115). The Ju/hoansi believe that the dancers heat up the n/um

Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro...

Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro Caelia By Cicero’s oration in defense of M. Caelius Rufus shows many substantive and stylistic borrowings from the Roman Theater, particularly the comedies of the 2nd century b.c.e. This would scarcely seem remarkable to Cicero, to employ such devices is only to make use of the tools of his trade, as a practical and practicing rhetorician. In this case using the theater as a framing device to guide his audience’s response. So too would the judgments and emotions existing in the cultural reservoir of Greco-Roman, or Attic-Latin stage have met his division of purpose as he considered the permanent written speech, he would set down in the wake of the trial, however it was decided.†¦show more content†¦Cicero, by example of his own life takes a broad inclusive approach to Oratory. In a earlier statement we encounter words which probably reflect his own view closely: But the fact of the matter is that oratory is a much more considerable activity and depends on a far wider range of different arts and branches of study, than people imagine (Cicero, Orator I 4,16).Particularly Cicero seems interested in holding on to the orator’s special sphere - the third branch of Philosophy life and behavior of human beings which is to say, human nature (Cicero, Orator I 15, 69). We hear of the orator’s special strength - to rouse men’s hearts to anger, hatred, and indignation (Cicero, Orator I 12,53), a not dissimilar goal to that of the dramatist. We find that a speaker’s job is to ensure that the feelings of his audience are affected just the way he wants them to be (19, 87). His Five Tasks of the orator (and to keep within the dignity of the theme) (Cicero, Orator I 38, 142-44) given in a following paragraph, are suitable instructions for any playwright or actor. Even at the beginning of On the Orator Cicero has one of his characters observe approvingly of the benefits to be gained from the less serious art on regulation of expression, voice and movement of body. Cicero has his character Antonius make an observation that the chief distinction between an actor speaking and an orator is that the actor has more leeway. He is excused if he has

Bby balooga free essay sample

A little international travel will quickly show you that hip-hop has gone global. From Brazil to England to France to Japan to India to South Africa, young (and some old) people are finding a voice, a sense of style and even a sense of self in hip-hop. While it might appear as though people have shallowly appropriated the style and sounds and arena truly feeling the movement, this Isnt necessarily so.Sure, there are those what some Americans would call Imitators or wannabes who are merely moving through the elements of hip-hop on their way to the next Western pop culture import, but others are integrating the movement into their own local situation. In an article titled Japanese Hip-Hop and the Globalization of Popular Culture, Ian Condor mentions how strange it can be to fly from New York to Tokyo and find teens decked out in the same hip-hop style as those he Just saw in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Bby balooga or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But he points out that, while everything seems the same, its not. The borrowed hip-hop culture is imbued with local cultural dynamics. The local b-boys and b-girls have added their regional flavor to the mix [source: Condor]. In Italy, where hip-hop culture and rap USIA have had a strong and growing following for more than two decades, rappers rhyme In their local dialects. According to a New York Times article, Nearly 50 percent of all Italians still speak In dialect, at least within the family, and the musicality of most dialects adapted well to the rhyme and cadence of rap. The subject of Italian rap music, while more recently is concerned mostly with love and other conventional topics, has included everything from the Mafia to government corruption to homelessness to drug addiction in Italy, not New York [source: Polled]. Musical movements have made their way across geographical divides fore, but hip-hop is more than Just music its a way of life that encompasses physical movement and personal expression. As S. Craig Watkins writes, Yes, hip- hop has been an astonishing moneymaker, but it has been an equally astonishing source of youth expression and empowerment [source: Watkins]. Hip-hops wide reach Is also tied to the centralization of the movement. Watkins points out that record companies, fashion labels, sports franchises, and even food and beverage companies are all selling their products by advertising the hip-hop lifestyle, and how their shoes, soda or sandwiches fit into it. Another key element thats helping spread the hip-hop word is the Internet.At no other point in history have people living in such disparate circumstances and in separate points of the world been able to come together to communicate like they can today. One Web site, Global Grind, aims to be the ultimate online destination for the hip-hop community [source: Global Grind]. Innovator Wrights baby is backed by some heavy hitters, one from hip-hop and one from the online community: Russell Simmons Island Deft Jam Mus ic Group and Backbone investor Excel Ventures [source: Holman]. Global Grind isnt the only hip- pop hotshot on the Information superhighway.Other hip-hop-minded social networking sites Include Blocks and Dance. Blocks is like Namespace. Dance, which Is co-founded by MAC Hammer, goes a step beyond social networking and Includes slow-motion dance tutorials. The site plans to launch regional features, which could have a huge impact on dance styles around the globe. Reportedly, the on Dance and learn the hottest moves in the area before booking a trip [source: Van Buskins]. Visiting the site could give a completely new meaning to the old catchphrase, Its Hammer time!

Mary Louis Pratt, Arts Of The Contact Zone Essay Online Example For Students

Mary Louis Pratt, Arts Of The Contact Zone Essay Online In Mary Louise Prates words of Arts of the Contact Zone, a community is held together by a homogeneous competence or grammar shared identically and equally among all the members. (493) What she means by that is we all share the same traits. I am a member of the aviation community Of The University of North Dakota. It consists of about 1,200 students and was started in 1968 by John D. Dodgers. The department employs over 30 faculty members and offers the aviation education of your preferred choice. My fellow members of the LIND aviation community are all identified in the department Of aviation UT are all characterized in their own way. For example, on page 494 Pratt talks about models involving games. Are all involved in the same game, despite conflicts and systematic social differences. Groups of people will have one thing in common but each person is individually different. In my case, am an Airport Management major from Minnesota and took my private pilots course at UNDO. Was and am currently taking many aviation classes which means am most likely to relate to students who are in those same classes because of our shared interest in aerospace sciences. My community lives in Grand Forks but most are from other states. We are all different ages and we are all on our own distinct level flight courses but are all involved with aviation. In Pratt essay she explains that there are three types of communities, Those various communities are sovereign, limited, and fraternal. Our community is a sovereign community. We have subtle leaders like teachers and the administration, These powers help keep us together and unified. The community is also limited. Limited, according to Prates essay means finite, if elastic boundaries. (493) These boundaries are the policies and procedures of UNDO aerospace. To be more specific one rule s no phones are allowed on the ramp unless there is an emergency. Another rule is your blood alcohol content must be below . 04. Fraternal is a deep, horizontal comradeship. (493) We are not Willing to die for one another but the UNDO aviation community embodies fraternity. We are all interested in the same professions and hue a goal Of being successful. We are all equal and have the same rights. We may be on different levels but are all given the same opportunities. We have the liberty to have our own opinions and behavior as long as our behavior is safe. It can be argued that we do not have much liberty cause there are so many rules and regulations. These are all characteristics of a utopian society, My community seems very utopian to me. Our community shares the same grammar and language autochthonous to the United States. When say language do not necessarily mean just English. Am talking about how we speak to one another. We all know the same terms such a rudder and flaps and what they are. Anyone outside of the community might feel left out if such a topic came up around them. Also, when we talk to TACT and other pilots in the air we do it in a strict form, that if broken may cause consequences. Our immunity is monolingual. There are Chinese students that speak their own language but in school and in their flight training are forced to speak English. Therefore, we all have the English language in common and it unifies us together. Although I think it unifies us, believe in Prates writing she is trying to make Americans feel better about transmutable communication and is something we shouldnt be afraid Of. .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 , .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .postImageUrl , .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 , .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:hover , .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:visited , .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:active { border:0!important; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:active , .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7 .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0821981effa3445ff421dbfe79e522a7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prostitution misc EssayPratt introduces contact zones in her essay making a statement that it is a term that refers to social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple With each Other, often in contexts Of highly asymmetrical elations of power, such a colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as theyre lived out in many parts Of the world today. (487) She believes these contact zones are important in teaching diversity. One example of a contact zone in the aviation community is the shuttle from Dodgers to the airport. The shuttle does not just transfer regular UNDO students to the airport but also Air China students. Most of the time it is about half and half of each culture and while in the shuttle we all use our native tongue, English being mine and Chinese being theirs. This can make it a bit uncomfortable because our culture doesnt know what the other is eying, but we do know one thing we have in common is we are all going out to the airport to fly or get a briefing. Talking to air traffic control is another contact zone, except this is not face to face. It is preformed over the radio, Pilots will repeat every direction TACT has given them and adhere to them carefully. There are negatives and positives to the contact zone. As have suggested, it is a negative that the LIND monolingual community does not know what the Air China students are saying and the Air China students can understand most of what we are saying because they are forced to learn it by being here. Another negative is each country has their opinion about the other and might disagree on the way things are done there. When TACT and pilots interact with one another and the pilot misses an instruction it creates conflicts and can be unsafe. This conflict zone is very stressful for the pilot to not get in trouble and also stressful for the air traffic controller because it is their duty to separate aircraft. A positive on the other hand is that we obviously all enjoy aviation and we can learn more about the Other culture than just What we see and read in the media that may or, may not be true. Other contact zones of the aviation department are teacher to student because they may each have different perspectives on a topic. It is one pupil interacting with a superior adult. Stage check pilot to student and flight instructor to student are also contact zones. The stage check pilot to student puts most of the pressure on the student to be respectful and not screw up. Flight instructor to student is the least pressure because they are teaching you brand new things you cant argue with. Contact zones are important because people are able to gain a new perspective due to the tact that they are able to interact with people of a foreign culture, This action demonstrates the clashes between what we think we know, as opposed to how much that is out there that we dont know. A phenomenon that happens in these contact zones is called transmutation. Pratt acknowledges Ethnographers have used the term transmutation to describe processes whereby members of subordinated or marginal groups select and invent from materials transmitted by a dominant or metropolitan culture, they do determine to varying extents what gets absorbed into their own and what it gets used for. (491) She uses the Spanish takeover of he Inca empire to educate on transmutation. Gunman Pomp of the Inca Empire wrote a letter to King Philip Ill in 1603. Gunman Pomp accustoms himself to the invaders language because the Inca Empire had no system of writing Poor my example Im going to refer to the air china students coming in from their country and taking on our language and ways Of living. Contact zones can be unsafe with all the varying differences in opinions. A safe house is an idea of being in an area where you dont have to worry about being judged. .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd , .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .postImageUrl , .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd , .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:hover , .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:visited , .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:active { border:0!important; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:active , .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udae8ef67711a3ce574a5168b15d9d2bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theorectical Bases For Counseling EssayIn Prates essay she refers to them as social and intellectual spaces where groups can institute themselves as horizontal, homogeneous, sovereign communities with high degrees of trust, shared understandings, temporary protection from legacies of oppression. (497) Aviation classrooms are safe houses because we have shared understandings of what is going on in school and we can relate to them. For example if one person is having trouble passing a stage check there may he others to that had the same problem and will not judge the other person for it. We can all give each other advice because we know what they are going through. Safe houses allow us to express ourselves and engage with others. This to me is a good sate house tort our community. Think the main idea to what Pratt says about contact zones is that we should better understand them to help us improve our understanding of other cultures. They will help us shed light on people with different backgrounds, We learn from Prates essay to try and understand other cultures other than our own and to take advantage of contact zones instead of pushing them away. The LIND aviation community is very large part of the university. It is a joy to be a part off group that shares your same interest and things you go through. There are limitations though. For example, most of the community is men. It does not bother me that I am usually one out Of two girls in my aviation related courses because have gotten used to it. Some men say girls cannot fly and tend to underestimate us. With that in mind there may be a bit Of sexism in our community. Another limitation is that dont have a diverse group of friends. Id like to have more friends with other interests so can talk about something else every once and a While. Rules are a huge limitation for some. There are alcohol rules, GAP rules, medical rules, safety rules. All of these are very serious and need to be followed or it could result n getting kicked out of the program. As said being monolingual should not limit us and we should be open about other languages.

Renaissance Essays (365 words) - Philosophical Movements, Philosophy

Renaissance The renaissance first appeared in the Italian city states because of the similarity between their language and the Latin language. Humanism used classical works to improve speaking and writing skills; therefore the Italians had a great advantage. More manuscripts were made available for the Italians, which led to the production of more intellectual leaders. The writing and speaking skills of humanism was soon demanded at the princely courts. Humanism transformed art, literature and political and social values. Eastern scholars were invited by the Italians to join the West, to bring more Greek manuscripts and to help regain command of the Greek language. The Italian states differed from other states in that they were the leaders of the renaissance, with the chancellor of Florence, Coluccio Salutati, and a group of humanists Italy collected the ancient manuscripts. They were called the civic humanists, since they felt that an active life was essential for full development. Two scholars from Italy, Guarino de Verona and Vittorino de Feltre transformed education. They used the ideas of humanism to establish a curriculum that spread to Europe. The Florentine Neoplatonists led the way towards a new exploration of grand ideals of truth and perfection. Ficino and Pico were both gifted Neoplatonists, and with their philosophy they had a major influence on artists and thinkers for the next two centuries. The Italian humanism left a deep imprint on European thought and education. The Italian city states stimulated the development of the Renaissance, since the movement first took place in Florence. Another advantage was that Florence was famous for its art, since the greatest artists of the 1200s and 1300s, Giotto and Cimabue, were identified with the city. The Florentine citizens were wealthy and ready to patronize art and the city had an excellent design of luxury goods, such as silk and gold. Humanist ideas eventually spread to Northern Europe because of the need for better educated laity and the tension and violence in the society. Writers and artists were also seemed to have little grasp on reality and displayed deep emotional instability. The knights were becoming less important in battle and despite this the nobles pretended to act as if the knights were more important. There was also the instability of the religions, with the interest in death and trial of witches. Printing aided the spread of humanism.

Ethics Sample Essay Questions

Ethics Sample Essay QuestionsEthics samples can be really helpful in this case. The question is how to select the right ones? What is best for an Essay Sample?One of the main rules of ethics is that one should not violate the spirit of the law in a particular situation. As you can imagine, this rule is difficult to follow when you are writing essays.It would be very easy to allow yourself to abuse the ethical behavior in a way that violates the spirit of the law. When you get into this position, your ethics sample will probably be useless.If you find yourself in the position where you need to write an essay in order to defend your ethical behavior in a particular situation, try to be honest. Never lie.Even if you think you have found the perfect ethics essay sample, that does not mean that it is a good idea to use it. At some point, you may want to take the ethical behavior out of the essay. If you do, your ethics sample is not very useful.Whether it is a written argument in a resear ch paper or a personal essay, the question you should ask yourself is whether the Essay Sample is relevant to the topic at hand. For example, a biography of a certain person might not be worth the essay question, especially if the person is not that interesting. If the essay asks about your interest in chess, then it might be worth considering.If you are interested in learning more about ethical behavior, you can visit websites dedicated to ethics. You can also get in touch with people who have written about ethical behavior. You can also read books and articles related to ethics.As you can see, there are many different things to consider when writing a single individual essay. These are just a few guidelines for you to think about.

Definition of Principal Energy Level

Definition of Principal Energy Level In chemistry, the principal energy level of an electron refers to the shell or orbital in which the electron is located relative to the atoms nucleus. This level is denoted by the principal quantum number n. The first element in a period of the periodic table introduces a new principal energy level. Energy Levels and the Atomic Model The concept of energy levels is one part of the atomic model that is based on a mathematical analysis of atomic spectra. Each electron in an atom has an energy signature that is determined by its relationship with other negatively charged electrons in the atom and the positively charged atomic nucleus. An electron can change energy levels, but only by steps or quanta, not continuous increments. The energy of an energy level increases the further out from the nucleus it is. The lower the number of a principal energy level, the closer together the electrons are to each other and to the nucleus of the atom. During chemical reactions, its more difficult to remove an electron from a lower energy level than from a higher one. Rules of Principal Energy Levels A principal energy level may contain up to 2n2 electrons, with n being the number of each level. The first energy level can contain 2(1)2 or two electrons; the second can contain up to 2(2)2 or eight electrons; the third can contain up to 2(3)2 or 18 electrons, and so on. The first principal energy level has one sublevel that contains one orbital, called the s orbital. The s orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons. The next principal energy level contains one s orbital and three p orbitals. The set of three p orbitals can hold up to six electrons. Thus, the second principal energy level can hold up to eight electrons, two in the s orbital and six in the p orbital. The third principal energy level has one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals, which can each hold up to 10 electrons. This allows for a maximum of 18 electrons. The fourth and higher levels have an f sublevel in addition to the s, p, and d orbitals.  The f sublevel contains seven f orbitals, which can each hold up to 14 electrons. The total number of electrons in the fourth principal energy level is 32. Electron Notation The notation used to indicate the type of energy level and the number of electrons in that level has a coefficient for the number of the principal energy level, a letter for the sublevel, and a superscript for the number of electrons located in that sublevel. For example,  the notation 4p3 indicates the fourth principal energy level, the p sublevel, and the presence of three electrons in the p sublevel. Writing out the number of electrons in all the energy levels and sublevels of an atom produces the electron configuration of the atom.

Liberalization and Iraq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Liberalization and Iraq - Essay Example This is a far cry from what previous eras had defined for the country. In present day the people of Iraq are alleviated from burdens of decades past. These burdens were emphasized to have been political rulings that had been placed on them in the form of cruel and cold dictatorships. The main focus now is in regard to what the political differences could be between this country and others, like Britain in particular. Also, what the exact characteristics of the country use to be in post WWII until now is another question that many are investigating and defining. So, it was the people as a whole society, and the past political differences into today that are the main focus of what is being defined in this literature. The history of Iraq speaks volumes in itself. Once known as the "Cradle of Civilizationi", it was given this title due to the diverseness of the land and the many ethnicities that were found there. Furthermore, there have been many conquerors of this land and thus many different political beliefs as well. From times dating back to 3360 it is found the Sumerians were in control of this region, then moving forward in time to 1534-1922 it is found that the Ottoman Empire (a Turkish power) ruled supreme over the territory thus influencing Iraq and its people to carry similar political beliefs of a Turkish belief systemii. This was of course until the Ottoman Empire collapsed during WWI and the British Political Party gained control over the region. However, times changed rather fiercely over a changing period, allowing for power of the land to continuously switch hands as wars took place (some religious and some between other countries), and various societal views changed. Nevertheless, the British Empire had a strong dominance in the Middle East for a good period of time. Furthermore, they had a good part to play in the Arab revolt that took place, due to the fact that they were trying to liberalize the politics and policies of the country and it simply wasn't something the Iraqi people wanted at that time. Therefore, the British forces realized that they were going to be up against a Muslim uprising due to their tactics. In many ways, this could be presumed to have been a form of independence instead of liberalization for the Middle Eastern part of the world, though not wholly so.iii It was during this period that there developed the identity of the Arabs and the Muslims. History shows that the Brits had the support of the Arabs on their side, which led to the religious war that was rather what took place in the Middle East during the period of WWI, WWII, and continuing on into post WWII. Obviously it was these very actions that led to the split in r eligious beliefs between Iran and Iraq. The Shiite, Kurd, and Sunni religions developed but what the Brits had hoped for did not take place as the Shiite people; nor any of the other groups were in favor of British political beliefs either and where found to be Anti-British just as much so as the Muslim Religious leaders wereiv. The reason for this was in a large part due to the huge religious differences between western thought (Britain) and the Iraqi's, as well as Iranian citizens. Some remarkable historical differences between Britain and the Iraqi people is the fact that the Iraqi's have lived their lives surrounded by

Business and Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business and Ethic - Essay Example Members of different groups traditionally have been underrepresented and disadvantaged socially, politically, and economically. Also, critics distinguish social categorization processes; the nature of evaluative, conscious, and affective issues that are elicited; and the sign of stereotypes and differentiated emotional changes (Gilbert et al 2001). Discrimination and prejudices are unethical because they violate constitutional rights and freedoms, they are illegal and unlawful. Social and individual differences have a great impact on human relations and discrimination issues and lead to such problems as low motivation and poor communication, unequal treatment, unfair labor relations and aggression. Thus, the constitution and modern society is based on freedom of expression and freedom of speech. every individual has a right to express different attitudes and opinions, have certain religious beliefs and belong to a particular culture. In spite of these issues, the main cause of discrimination is different attitudes caused by social variations and backgrounds. Complicating the interpersonal dimensions of dealing with competence, of course, is the competitive atmosphere, both within and among firms. In order to avoid discrimination and prejudices, definitions and descriptions of competent work must be clear, consistent, and fairly applied.

Character Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Character Analysis Paper - Essay Example They wear leather jacks, drink gin and grape juice in order to give the appearance of a cool group of buys. However, in the end, the insecurities and fear of Digby is brought forward as he is unable to maintain his cool in a dire situation. From the interaction between the group, it seems quite clear that Digby is the untold leader of the group. It is Digby who instigates the group in getting into rebellious situations. For instance, it was Digby who pointed the blue car to the narrator. Rather than collaborating with his friends, he took over the situation in a manner that an unofficial leader would take. It was not Digby who was driving the car but rather the narrator because the narrator owned the car. Digby was sitting in the passenger seat right beside the narrator. His position in the car also points towards his role in the group. He was happy to let the narrator ride the car but he placed himself in a position where he could control the car. He did this when started fighting for the wheel and leaned over the horn. He even instructed the narrator to turn on the flashlights (Boyle, 1985). Digbys character is dynamic because it changes at the end of the story. From being a cool boy, Digby evolves into a scared one. Digbys attitude at the beginning of the story was one of nonchalance. He was living a life where he derived fun at others stake. However, when he is beaten up by the man in the blue car, he is scared. Digby did fight with the man initially but realized that he was not strong enough to beat the man. Therefore he ran away from fear. He, like his friends, hid on the other side of lake for the entire night only out of fear. Even when he did get on in the morning, he was in a hurry to get back. The offer of drugs by a beautiful girl did not persuade him to stay. In many ways, Digby is quite like the young teenagers. They may appear to be cool from the outside but inside they are

Behavioral Modeling Essay -- Ethics

Mental and healthcare providers need special awareness of professional boundary crossings and violations. There is a tendency towards encouraging those individuals to behave more empathically and less formally with their patients and clients makes such awareness increasingly important. Professional boundary ethics have been incorporated into the professional codes of many mental and healthcare providers all over the country, but it is important to have continuing education throughout the year (Al Sayyari, Hejaili, Jamal, Shamsi & Tamim, 2010). Mental and Healthcare providers must have specialized training to strike the right balance between rigidity and formality on one hand and undue laxity and informality in their approach on the other. This is the result in crossing boundaries and improper practice, with resulting harm to patients and clients. There is an important distinction than includes awareness of the distinction between boundary crossing and the boundary violations (Al Sayyari, Hejaili, Jamal, Shamsi & Tamim, 2010). Examples of boundary crossings would include paying the clients or patients bus fare or a bill; giving him or her a hug when a client or patient is distressed, and so on. Boundary violations, on the other hand, involve crossings that have the potential to prove harmful and exploitive to the client or patient. Boundary violations can involve a myriad of behaviors. Examples of these include- sexual abuse and harassment, sexual relationships, abuse of time or place of work, taking financial advantage of the client or patient, demanding gifts, coercing patients, misuse of fiduciary relationship, and improper with pharmaceutical companies (Al Sayyari, Hejaili, Jamal, Shamsi & Tamim, 2010). The worst type of ... ...para. 12). Last is called program climate, which includes an atmosphere conducive to learining, and competent informed, and ethical teachers (Vaquez, 1988). Works Cited Aamodt, M, (2010). Industrial/Organizational Psychology (6th Edition). Belmont, CA.: Cengage Learning. Browne, N.M., Giametro-Meyer, A. & Williamson, C. (2004). Practical Business Ethics for the Busy Manager. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Bryant, S.E. & Fox, S.K. Behavioral Modeling Training and Generalization: Interaction of Learning Point Type and Number of Modeling Scenarios. The Psychological Record, Vol. 45, 1995. Hultman, K. E. (1986). Behavior Modeling for Results. Training & Development Journal, 40(12), 60. Mayer, S. J., & Russell, J. S. (1987). Behavior Modeling Training in Organizations: Concerns and Conclusions. Journal of Management, 13(1), 21.

The Impact of Downsizing on Manufacturing Industries

The amount of information on the effects of down sizing on manufacturing was not plentiful, however one main point that flows through all of the articles is that even though down sizing may be done to help a company it can end up hurting them in the long run. In the paragraphs to follow we look at the effects that downsizing has on people and companies as well as look at whether or not downsizing is truly the answer. Parker (2003)Reports that in 2003 the expected job losses among the manufacturing industries in Great Britain would create the effects of rising input costs and oil price increase on the job cuts; Downturn of the purchasing managers' index for manufacturing; Decrease in the rate of manufacturer's orders. So even though these cuts may be necessary he pointed out that it would have an overall negative effect. The Midwest may be the focus of manufacturing layoffs and financial woes(Link, 2005), but according to this survey, people who live in the area of the country that includes Cleveland and Detroit in the low- to moderate-income lax bracket are using less of their income to pay for housing than other areas of the country. The study, dubbed the Housing Landscape for America's working Families 2005, revealed that from 1997 to 2003 the number of America's working class who spend more than half of their income on housing leaped from 2. million to 4. 2 million. The study also revealed that immigrant families are 75% more likely to use more of their income to pay for housing than American-born citizens. Across the country there are 14 million people that spend too much of their income 10 pay for housing. About 35% of that group is low- to moderate-income families. In 2003, the critical housing need for the Midwest totaled 8. 7% of residents while the West Coast had a need among I6. 89 (of its residents. The South followed the Midwest for a lower critical housing need with 9. % while the Northeast trailed California with a need among 14. 2% of its residents (Link, 2005). (Palley, 1999) Reported that given the dismal economic performance that marked the period from 1990 to 1995, when downsizing was widespread, inequality widened, and real wages fell, the subsequent U-turn in performance has been completely unexpected. Moreover, it has been cause for further surprise that the economy has continued to prosper despite the East Asian financial crisis, which destabilized global financial markets, undermined U. S. exports, and unleashed a surge in U. S. imports. A second source of uncertainty (Palley, 1999) concerns the sustainability of the growth of personal consumption spending, which had been the principal engine of economic expansion in the past two years. In 1997, personal consumption expenditure contributed 59 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and in 1998 it contributed 85 percent. Meanwhile, in 1997 and 1998 nominal personal consumption expenditures grew 5. 3 percent and 5. 7 percent, respectively, while nominal disposable income grew only 4. 7 percent and 4. 0 percent. From the Federal Reserve's perspective, this pattern is not sustainable since consumption is growing faster than potential output, which implies that the economy will eventually hit an inflationary wall. An alternative interpretation is that such growth is not sustainable because households must inevitably run short of financial wherewithal, and when this happens, an economic decline will ensue. According to this view, recession rather than inflation is the danger. A last scenario concerns the possibility of a full-scale crash or economic depression. Such an outcome is the least likely of the three scenarios, but it is still more likely than it used to be. In the 1960s and 1970s, the possibility of an economic depression was truly far removed. However, in the 1990s such a notion has surfaced as plausible, even if unlikely. Recent events in the global economy have added further credibility to this possibility. One reason a crash has become more likely is that many of the factors precipitating a hard landing are already in place, which means that many of them could be realized simultaneously. Indeed, many of these factors are linked in trip-wire fashion so that if one occurs, it triggers another. Thus a Federal Reserve-induced increase in interest rates could trigger a stock market crash, and this could then trigger an end to the spending boom. It could also trigger renewal of global financial instability. Similarly, a renewal of global financial instability could become the event that bursts the stock market bubble. Alternatively, a realization that the existing U. S. urrent-account trajectory is unsustainable could trigger a foreign exchange crisis that would renew global financial market instability, trigger a stock market crash, or evoke a Federal Reserve rate hike to protect the exchange rate and guard against imported inflation. Finally, if the economic expansion begins to flag of old age, overoptimistic projections of corporate profitability could pop, triggering a stock market crash. Also, a flagging economy could renew global financial turmoil by ending the U. S. conomy's role as buyer of last resort, thereby undermining the rest of the world's economic recovery, which rests significantly on export-led growth. However, it is not just this interconnectedness of negative factors that lies behind the increased plausibility of a crash. A second and more important factor concerns changes in the structure of the domestic and global economy that have diminished the presence of â€Å"automatic stabilizers† and replaced them with â€Å"automatic destabilizers. â€Å"These destabilizers work in a pro-cyclical fashion. On the cyclical upswing they make for stronger and longer expansions, but on the downswing they make for deeper and more sustained contractions. One important change concerns patterns of employment and remuneration. In earlier business cycles, labor hoarding was a common practice–firms held on to workers through downturns in order to retain their skills and avoid future hiring costs. However, the changed pattern of the employment relationship means that firms now hire and fire much more freely, making labor incomes more pro-cyclical. It is also the case, especially in manufacturing, that overtime has become more important as firms have sought to save on employment costs by extending hours rather than hiring new personnel. Wage income is therefore more vulnerable to downturns since hours can quickly be cut back in a downturn. Finally, casual evidence suggests that there may have been an increase in the use of incentive pay, with greater reliance on stock options and profit-related bonuses. In a downturn these forms of pay are likely to fall off rapidly, contributing to a larger decline in household income and spending. In sum, the above labor market developments all make wage income more procyclical, thereby increasing the pro-cyclicality of demand (Palley, 1999). Another development concerns the general flexibility of wages. In the period from 1950 to 1980, recessions were characterized by a decline in the rate of increase in nominal wages. However, the important point is that wages still rose in recession. The recessions of 1981-1982 and 1990-1991 suggest that a new pattern may have emerged. Now not only does the rate of wage inflation slow, but nominal wages can fall. This is a very important development when it is considered in conjunction with the new debt-driven business cycle. The ability to repay consumer debt depends on the nominal value of income. In a recession the value of debts remains unchanged, but now wage incomes may show a tendency to fall. This will tend to increase debt burdens and raise the prevalence of bankruptcy, thereby deepening recessions. Just as developments in labor markets have contributed to the emergence of automatic destabilizers, so have developments in financial markets. Households now have significantly increased access to credit. In particular, households are able to borrow more heavily against their assets, thereby increasing their ratio of debt to income. Home equity loans are the most prominent example. Another is the ability to borrow on margin against stock holdings. These innovations and their spread give the economy a strong pro-cyclical impulse, but they also generate greater financial fragility. Thus, in upswings when asset prices and wages are rising, households borrow more and spend more, thereby lengthening the cycle. However, when the downswing occurs, households are now saddled with greater indebtedness and may also be subject to margin calls. This worsens the downturn and may contribute to even greater stock market corrections (Palley, 1999). The shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pension plans is another automatic destabilize. First, households are able to borrow against these contributions. Second, these plans may change household consumption and saving behavior since each month they receive statements showing how the value of their pension holdings has increased. Thus, as stock market prices rise, households cut back on saving and increase consumption, while some households borrow against their appreciated 401(k) accounts. However, stock prices are likely to fall in a recession, while the incurred debts will remain unchanged. At that time, households will have larger debts and reduced holdings of liquid assets. Finally, it is worth noting that prices in the stock market may have been at bubble levels for more than three years; recall that Chairman Greenspan gave his â€Å"irrational exuberance† warning back in 1996. This means that a considerable amount of borrowing and spending has taken place on the basis of these bubble prices, so the bubble may be deeply embedded in the balance sheets of agents. This means that a market correction is likely to be all the more severe. In effect, the size of the negative impact of an asset price bubble is positively related to the duration of the price bubble. Accompanying these changes in the domestic economy have been changes in the global economy that have contributed to the emergence of international automatic destabilizes. One change is the increased degree of international financial capital mobility. When a country's financial markets begin to fall, it is easier for asset holders to exit, thereby creating a larger stampede for the exit. Foreign holders have an incentive to exit to protect the domestic-currency value of their holdings, and they now have a larger impact because of their increased holdings. Domestic holders are also more likely to exit because of reduced transaction costs and the increased sophistication of financial markets. They recognize that exit is the way to maximize the dollar value of portfolios when the dollar is under pressure. A second development is the increased international integration of goods markets. In theoretical terms, the foreign trade expenditure multiplier has become larger, which means that economic activity across countries has become more connected, making for greater amplitude in the world business cycle. In the 1950s and 1960s it was said that when the U. S. economy sneezes, the world economy catches a cold. Globalization of goods markets may have created a situation in which the U. S. economy sneezes and the world economy catches pneumonia. In this study (Wertheim, 2004), has developed a hypothesis which combines the effects of both economic impact and pre-disclosure information with the financial distress and potential benefit hypotheses developed in prior research in corporate downsizing. Instead of offering that these two hypotheses as competing and mutually exclusive, evidence are provided that supports the conclusion that these hypotheses simultaneously explain concurrent and additive effects on the stock price reaction to announcements of company layoffs. Finally, results indicate that the relationship between economic impact, pre-disclosure information and stock price reaction to layoff announcements depends on the relative dominance of the signals provided by the layoff about both financial distress and potential benefit. (Palley, 1999)stated that for policymakers at the Federal Reserve, the goal is a soft landing, though some (those who continue to believe in the natural rate of unemployment) think a bumpy landing is desirable since they believe that the unemployment rate is now below the natural rate. Thus not only is the economy expanding more rapidly than potential output, but the level of output already exceeds the level of potential output. Consequently, not only must the rate of output growth decrease, but the rate of unemployment must also rise back to the natural rate in order to avoid accelerating inflation. Since around 1980, there has been a determined drive to downsize American organizations (Budros, 1999) and there currently is no end in sight to this movement, even though studies underscore its technical-economic and human dysfunctions. This situation indicates a need to consider why organizations downsize in the first place, yet the shortcomings of the scholarly literature on this issue are conspicuous (Budros 1997). Therefore, in that paper he offered some systematic thoughts on the causes of downsizing. He developed a conceptual framework for exploring organizational innovation that features two under explored dimensions associated with this phenomenon, the basis of organizational action (rational versus irrational) and social context (organizational versus extra-organizational). He then portrayed downsizing as an organizational innovation and identified factors that lead organizations to downsize. (Palley, 1999) suggests that there are three possible future paths–a soft landing, a hard landing, and a crash. A soft or hard landing is by far the more likely outcome, but, that said, it is possible to imagine conditions in which a crash will occur. Japan's prolonged hard landing, East Asia's economic crisis, and the October 1998 near-meltdown of global financial markets have all added plausibility to such an outcome. A soft landing has the rate of output growth gradually slow to a level consistent with potential output growth. According to current consensus thinking, this potential rate of growth is somewhere between 2 and 2. 5 percent, though New Economy optimists claim it to be as high as 3 percent. A bumpier version of the soft landing (a. k. a. growth recession) has the rate of output growth slowing below potential but growth still remaining positive. Under this scenario, unemployment rises but the economy avoids a formal recession since output continues to grow. A hard landing has the decline in output growth such that it turns negative so that the economy is pushed into recession and unemployment rises even more. Finally, a crash involves a collapse in the rate of output growth, so that the economy enters a deep recession that may even border on a depression (Palley, 1999). The use of an organizational innovation framework to examine downsizing clearly has shed light on this phenomenon (Budros, 1999), revealing that organizations may make people cuts in response to rational organizational, rational extra organizational, irrational organizational, and irrational extra organizational processes. Of particular interest is the realization that scholars have focused almost exclusively on rational (organizational and extra-organizational) causes of downsizing, neglecting the role irrational forces may play in work force reductions. Perhaps this situation prevails because of the longstanding inclination among scholars to view organizations as efficiency-minded social actors. But if we are to develop a complete understanding of downsizing, then we must evaluate the impact of rational and irrational factors on this practice. This research investigates organizational practices in downsizing after a restructure and the effects of these practices on an organization and its employees (Labib, 1993), in particular, and on other stakeholders in general. Findings indicated that it is not downsizing that causes negative effects on both terminated and surviving employees, but rather the human resources practices used to implement downsizing; such as advance notification, method of termination, and amount and type of post-termination assistance given. This research further found that organizations often do not achieve their strategic goals after downsizing because they do not adjust their work processes and their human resource management practices to the new size and structure of the organization. Based on the literature review, a process model for the development and implementation of downsizing plans is proposed. The model is designed to provide a guide to be used by organizations when downsizing to ensure that the interests of all stakeholders are taken into account. The proposed model is tested through a field research in the form of case studies of five major organizations in Canada. The actual practices of these organizations are outlined and compared to the proposed process model, both collectively and individually. The differences are then analyzed and a new revised model is proposed that emphasizes, not only the downsizing process itself, but also what organizations must do during and after downsizing to ensure that employees' needs are met and that the new strategic goals that prompted the downsizing are achieved. Two conclusions are drawn from this research. The first is that downsizing, if it is necessary, must be undertaken in a way that would cause the least amount of pain to those affected which is the ethical responsibility of good corporate citizenship. The second conclusion is that downsizing, in itself, is not enough to ensure increased profitability and goal attainment, but rather, it is how the organization functions afterward that will indicate whether or not the downsizing was a good or bad thing(Labib). The topic of off shoring generates extreme differences of opinion among policy makers, business executives, and thought leaders. Some have argued that nearly all service jobs will eventually move from developed economies to low-wage ones. Others say that rising wages in cities such as Bangalore and Prague indicate that the supply of offshore talent is already running thin. To a large extent, these disagreements reflect the confusion surrounding the newly integrating and still inefficient global labor market. Much as technology change is making it possible to integrate global capital markets into a single market for savings and investment, so digital communications are giving rise to what is, in effect, a single global market for those jobs that can now, thanks to IT, be performed remotely from customers and colleagues. The newly integrating nature of this global labor market has strategic and tactical implications for companies and countries alike. Information and insight about it are sparse, however, and executives and policy makers have little of either for making the decisions they face. To provide help for governments and companies in both high- and low-wage economies, the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) analyzed the potential availability of offshore talent in 2. 8 low-wage nations and the likely demand for it in service jobs across eight of the developed world's sectors (chosen as a representative cross-section of the global economy): automotive (service jobs only), financial services, health care, insurance, IT services, packaged software, pharmaceuticals (service jobs only), and retailing. These sectors provide about 23 percent of the nonagricultural jobs in developed countries. The study, which projects trends to 2008, aims to assess the dynamics of supply and demand for offshore service talent at the occupational, sectoral, and global level and thus the likely impact on both employment and wages in the years ahead. MGI's analysis provides a panoramic view of the off shoring of services, as well as a number of useful conclusions, including: Off shoring will probably continue to create a relatively small global labor market – one that threatens no sudden discontinuities in overall levels of employment and wages in developed countries. Demand for offshore labor by companies in the developed world will increasingly push up wage rates for some occupations in low-wage countries, but not as high as current wage levels for those occupations in developed ones. Potential global supply and likely demand for offshore talent are matched inefficiently, with demand outstripping supply in some locations and supply outstripping demand in others. The more efficiently the emerging global labor market functions, of course, the more value it will create for its participants by allocating resources more economically. Both companies and countries can take specific measures to raise its efficiency in clearing demand and supply. Broadly speaking, a suitably qualified person anywhere in the world could undertake any task that requires neither substantial local knowledge nor physical or complex interaction between an employee and customers or colleagues. Using these criteria, we estimate that 11 percent of service jobs around the world could be carried out remotely. Of course, some sectors provide an unusually large number of such jobs. As a rule, industries with more customer-facing functions have less potential in this respect. Consequently, the retailing sector, in which the vast majority of employees work in stores, could offshore only 3 percent of its jobs by 2008. Yet because retailing is such a huge employer around the world, this would be equivalent to 4,900,000 positions. In contrast, by 2008 it will be possible to undertake remotely almost half of all jobs in the packaged-software industry, but in this far less labor-intensive business, that represents only 340,000 positions. Some occupations also are more amenable than others to remote employment. The most amenable to it are engineering, on the one hand, and finance and accounting, on the other (52 percent and 31 percent, respectively). The work of generalist and support staff is much less amenable (9 percent and 3 percent, respectively), because those workers interact with their customers or colleagues extensively. But generalists and support workers permeate every industry and therefore provide the highest absolute number of jobs that remote talent could fill: a total of 26,000,000. In practice, just a small fraction of the jobs that could go offshore actually will. Today, around 565,000 service jobs in the eight sectors we evaluated have been off shored to low-wage countries. By 2008, that number will grow to 1,200,000. Extrapolating these numbers to the entire global economy, we estimate that total offshore employment will grow from 1,500,000 jobs in 2003 to 4,100,000 in 2008 – just 1 percent of the total number of service jobs in developed countries. To put this number in perspective (in what is, to be sure, not a direct comparison), consider the fact that an average of 4,600,000 people in the United States started work with new employers every month in the year ending March 2005. Why is the gap between the potential and actual number of jobs moving offshore so large? Many observers think that regulatory barriers stand in the way, but MGI interviews indicate that company-specific considerations (such as management attitudes, organizational structure, and scale) are generally more powerful deterrents. Companies cite cost pressures as the main incentive to hire offshore labor, for example, but the strength of cost pressures varies by sector. Many companies lack sufficient scale to justify the costs of off shoring. Others find that the functions they could offshore in theory must actually stay where they are because their internal processes are so complex. Often, managers are wary of overseeing units on the other side of the world or unwilling to take on the burden of extra travel. On the supply side, developing countries produce far fewer graduates suitable for employment by multinational companies than the raw numbers might suggest. Nonetheless, the potential supply of appropriate workers is large and growing fast, and some small countries boast surprisingly large numbers of them.